For additional clarification, GUAM is not part of the United States but one of the territories of the United States just like Puerto Rico and American Samoa. As such, citizens of these territories are called nationals and not U.S. Citizens. As far as I can remember, the main difference between a national and a citizen is the privilege to vote during the Presidential elections. There may be others that I failed to mention.
Basing on your information that you are a U.S. Citizen, your spouse can avail of the K-3 visa by filing at the U.S. Embassy in Manila. K visas are not subject to the quota system but the length of approval is dependent with the accuracy and completeness of the documentations required by the embassy which coordinates with Department of Homeland Security.
If your spouse's petition is approved, your spouse will become a Permanent Resident (Green Card holder) on a conditional status for two years and will be adjusted to permanent resident after the succeeding interview from the immigration officer and satisfying that the marriage is valid and not for convenience. Your spouse will be given work permit authorization upon approval of the Permanent Resident even while on a Conditional Status. I have added a link for a complete description of the K-3 visa.
http://www.uscis.gov/portal/site/uscis/template.PRINT/menuitem.eb1d4c2a3e5b9ac89243c6a7543f6d1a/?vgnextoid=254a3e4d77d73210VgnVCM100000082ca60aRCRD&vgnextchannel=254a3e4d77d73210VgnVCM100000082ca60aRCRD
After completing the five years as Permanent Resident, your spouse is eligible to adjust her status to become a U.S. Citizen.
If you were a Guamanian citizen (national) your wife will eventually become a Guamanian national as well. Your 13a visa is referencing to the Philippine Permanent Resident Visa category. If you have additional inquiries, check with an reputable immigration lawyer.
Cheers